ὑπερβάλλω

ὑπερβάλλω, [tense] fut. -βαλῶ, [dialect] Ep.

A

-βαλέω Od.11.597

: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. 2

ὑπειρέβαλον Il.23.637

:—throw over or beyond a mark, overshoot,

ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων Il.23.843

; τόσσον παντὸς ἀγῶνος (sc. σήματα) ὑπέρβαλε ib.847; δουρὶ ὑ. Φυλῆα beat him in throwing with it, ib.637.

2 ὅτε μέλλοι ἄκρον [λόφον] ὑπερβαλέειν force the stone over the top, Od. l.c.

3 intr., run beyond, overrun the scent, of hounds, X.Cyn.6.20.

4 outstrip or pass, in racing, τινας S.El.716.

5 [voice] Med., throw a stone over one's head, SIG1071 ([place name] Olympia).

II in various metaph. senses:

1 outdo, excel, surpass, overpower,

δέδοικα μὴ πρὶν πόνοις ὑπερβάλῃ με γῆρας E.Fr.453.5

(lyr.): c. gen., Pi.Fr.33;

βροντῆς ὑπερβάλλοντα κτύπον A.Pr.923

.

2 go beyond, exceed,

μήτ' ἄρ' ὑπερβάλλων βοὸς ὁπλὴν μήτ' ἀπολείπων Hes.Op.489

;

ὑ. πόσιος μέτρον Thgn.479

;

τὴν τοῦ μετρίου φύσιν Pl.Plt.283e

;

ὑ. τὰ ἱκανά X.Hier.4.8

: of Time,

ὑ. ἑκατὸν ἔτεα

exceed

100

years, in age, Hdt.3.23; ὑ. τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας delay longer than . . , Hp.VC14; ὑ. τὸν χρόνον exceed the time, i. e. be too late, X.HG5.3.21; ὑ. τὸν καιρόν exceed reasonable bounds, Democr.235, D.23.122: in number, intensity, etc.,

ἡδοναὶ ὑ. λύπας Pl.Lg.734b

, cf. Prt.356b ([voice] Pass.): c. dat. modi, exceed one in . . ,

πάντας ἀνθρώπους τόλμῃ καὶ μιαρίᾳ X.HG7.3.6

;

ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους ὠμότητι D.18.275

: abs.,

ὑ. πρὸς ἀρετήν Pl.Lg.945c

.

b c. gen. pro acc.,

ἆρα λύπῃ ὑ. τὸ ἀδικεῖν τοῦ ἀδικεῖσθαι; Id.Grg.475c

, cf. Lg.734a;

ὑ. τῆς συμμετρίας Arist.Pol.1284b8

, cf. HA503b22.

3 abs., exceed, αἱ μέσαι ἕξεις πρὸς μὲν τὰς ἐλλείψεις ὑπερβάλλουσι compared with their defects are in excess, Id.EN1108b17; exceed all bounds, A. Pers.291, E.Ba.785, Th.7.67, Pl.Tht.180a; οὐχ ὑπερβαλών keeping within bounds, Pi.N.7.66;

μή νυν ὑπέρβαλλ', ἀλλ' ἐναισίμως φέρε E. Alc.1077

: c. dat. modi,

ὑ. τῇ μοχθηρίᾳ Ar.Pl.109

;

ἀδυναμίᾳ τοῦ δοξάσαι Pl.Tht.192c

, cf. X.Mem.4.3.7;

ἀνοίᾳ D.8.16

.

b freq. in part. ὑπερβάλλων, ουσα, ον, exceeding, excessive,

ὑ. δαπάνη X.Hier.11.2

; ἡδονή, ἔπαινοι, Pl.R.402e, Phdr.240e;

θεάματα ταῖς δαπάναις ὑ. Isoc.4.45

, cf. Pl.Lg.899a; οἱ ὑπερβάλλοντες, opp. οἱ καταδεέστεροι, Isoc.9.13;

τὰ ὑ.

an over-high estate,

E.Med.127

(anap.);

φεύγειν τὰ ὑ. ἑκατέρωσε

extremes,

Pl.R.619a

; τὸ ὑ. αὐτῶν such part of them as goes beyond that, Th.2.35; οἱ ὑ. [λόγοι], title of work by Thrasymachus (Fr. 7), perh. overpowering arguments.

4 overbid or outbid at auction,

ἀλλήλους Lys.22.8

, POxy.1633.5 (iii A. D.); τὸ ὑπερβάλλον the overbid, PPetr.3p.195 (iii B. C.): abs., go on further and further, in making offers, προέβαινε τοῖσι χρήμασι ὑπερβάλλων he went on bidding more and more, Hdt.5.51;

ᾔτει τοσαῦτα ὑπερβάλλων Th.8.56

, cf. And.1.133:— [voice] Pass.,

ἕνεκα τοῦ-βεβλῆσθαι τὴν οἰκίαν POxy.513.25

(ii A. D.); v. infr. B. 1.3.

5 Adv.

ὑπερβαλλόντως

exceedingly,

Pl.R.492b

, Epicur. Nat.2.2, SIG685.36 (Crete, ii B. C.), Phld.Lib.p.7O., 2 Ep.Cor.11.23; written ὑπερβαλόντως in IG12(7).410.12 ([place name] Amorgos); opp. μετρίως, Isoc.1.28.

III pass over, cross mountains, rivers, and the like ,

πρῶνα A.Ag.307

;

κορυφάς Id.Pr.722

;

γῆς ὅρους E.Or.443

;

τὰς Ἄλπεις εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν Str.7.2.3

: c. gen.,

θριγκοῦ τοῦδ' ὑ. ποδί E.Ion 1321

(where Dobree suggested θριγκοὺς τούσδ'): metaph., surmount,

τάσδ' ὑ. τύχας Id.Alc.795

.

b of ships, double a headland,

ὑ. Μαλέην Hdt.7.168

;

τὴν ἄκραν Th.8.104

.

c abs., cross over,

ἐς τὴν ἄνω Μακεδονίην Hdt.8.137

, cf. X.An.4.6.10; πρὸς τοὺς Θρᾷκας ib. 7.5.1; κατὰ λόφους τινάς ib.6.5.7.

2 of water, run over, beat over, c. gen.,

ὑπερβάλλει δὲ θάλασσα ἀμφοτέρων τοίχων Thgn.673

; of rivers, overflow,

τὰς ἀρούρας Hdt.2.111

: abs., of a kettle, boil over, Id.1.59; of the sea,

ἢν δ' ὑπερβάλῃ . . πόντος E.Tr.691

.

3 of the sun, to be very hot, Hdt.4.184.

4 exceed, i. e. overlap, a base, Euc.6.29; cf. ὑπερβολή IV.—Note, the case that follows is almost always the acc.; the gen. occurs in a few exceptional instances, v. supr. 11.2 b, 111.1 and 2.

B [voice] Med., with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., = A. 11, outdo, overcome, conquer, τινα Hdt.5.124, Ar.Eq.758 (lyr.), Nu.1035;

τὴν βασιλέος δύναμιν Hdt.8.24

;

μάχῃ ὑ. τινά E.Or.691

;

φίλτροις ὑ. τινά S.Tr.584

, cf. Ar.Eq. 413: abs., to be conqueror, Hdt.6.9, 7.168.

2 exceed, surpass, τινα D.19.342, etc.;

τοὺς ἀπ' αἰῶνος OGI542.11

(Ancyra, ii A. D.);

πάντας τῷ ὕψεϊ καὶ τῷ μεγάθεϊ Hdt.2.175

, cf. 110;

τινὰ ἀναιδείᾳ Ar. Eq.409

; θωπείαις ib.890;

εἴς τι Pl.Criti.115d

;

ἔν τινι Str.1.1.2

.

b

δόσι χρημάτων ὑ.

surpass all,

Hdt.1.61

;

ἀρετῇ Id.9.71

; ὑπερβαλλόμενος πλήθεϊ with overpowering numbers, Id.3.21: [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass., ὑπερβεβλημένη γυνή an excellent, surpassing woman, E.Alc.153;

φύσις ὑπερβεβλ. Pl.R.558b

;

ταφῆς τῆς μὲν ὑπερβεβλ., τῆς δὲ ἐλλειπούσης Id.Lg.719d

: c. gen.,

γόγγροι τῶν παρ' ἡμῖν ὑπερβεβλ. κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος Str.3.2.7

.

3 overbid, outbid (v. supr. A. 11.4),

τινὰ χρήμασιν Pl. Phdr.232c

, cf. X.Cyr.5.3.32.

4 outflank,

τὸ κέρας τῶν πολεμίων Ascl.Tact.10.2

, cf.18.

II put off, postpone,

τὴν ἀπόδοσιν Hdt.4.9

;

τὴν συμβολήν Id.9.45

;

εἰς ἄλλον καιρόν Phld.Rh.1.223S.

; but ἢν ὑπερβάλωνται ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν . . συμβολὴν μὴ ποιεύμενοι if they let that day pass without fighting, Hdt.9.51: abs., delay, linger, Id.3.71,76, 7.206;

εἰς αὖθις ὑπερβαλέσθαι Pl.Phdr.254d

, cf. Arist.Rh.Al. 1420a8, 1438b6.